July 14 is the 195th day of the year (196th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 170 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events [edit]

• 1223 – Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father, Philip II of France.
• 1769 – An expedition led by Gaspar de Portolà establishes a base in California and sets out to find the Port of Monterey (now Monterey, California).
• 1771 – Foundation of the Mission San Antonio de Padua in modern California by the Franciscan friar Junípero Serra.
• 1789 – French Revolution: citizens of Paris storm the Bastille.
• 1789 – Alexander Mackenzie finally completes his journey to the mouth of the great river he hoped would take him to the Pacific, but which turns out to flow into the Arctic Ocean. Later named after him, the Mackenzie is the second-longest river system in North America.
• 1790 – French Revolution: citizens of Paris celebrate the constitutional monarchy and national reconciliation in the Fête de la Fédération.
• 1791 – The Priestley Riots drive Joseph Priestley, a supporter of the French Revolution, out of Birmingham, England.
• 1798 – The Sedition Act becomes law in the United States making it a federal crime to write, publish, or utter false or malicious statements about the United States government.
• 1853 – Opening of the first major US world's fair, the Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations in New York City.
• 1865 – First ascent of the Matterhorn by Edward Whymper and party, four of whom die on the descent.
• 1877 – The Great Railroad Strike of 1877 begins in Martinsburg, West Virginia, US, when Baltimore and Ohio Railroad workers have their wages cut for the second time in a year.
• 1881 – Billy the Kid is shot and killed by Pat Garrett outside Fort Sumner.
• 1900 – Armies of the Eight-Nation Alliance capture Tientsin during the Boxer Rebellion.
• 1902 – The Campanile in St. Mark's Square, Venice collapses, also demolishing the loggetta.
• 1911 – Harry Atwood, an exhibition pilot for the Wright Brothers lands his airplane at the South Lawn of the White House. He is later awarded a Gold medal from U.S. President William Howard Taft for this feat.
• 1916 – Start of the Battle of Delville Wood as an action within the Battle of the Somme, which was to last until 3 September 1916.
• 1933 – Gleichschaltung: in Germany, all political parties are outlawed except the Nazi Party.
• 1933 – The Nazi eugenics begins with the proclamation of the Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring that calls for the compulsory sterilization of any citizen who suffers from alleged genetic disorders.
• 1943 – In Diamond, Missouri, the George Washington Carver National Monument becomes the first United States National Monument in honor of an African American.
• 1948 – Palmiro Togliatti, leader of the Italian Communist Party, is shot and wounded near the Italian Parliament.
• 1950 – Korean War: North Korean troops initiate the Battle of Taejon.
• 1957 – Rawya Ateya takes her seat in the National Assembly of Egypt, thereby becoming the first female parliamentarian in the Arab world.
• 1958 – Iraqi Revolution: in Iraq the monarchy is overthrown by popular forces led by Abdul Karim Kassem, who becomes the nation's new leader.
• 1960 – Jane Goodall arrives at the Gombe Stream Reserve in present-day Tanzania to begin her famous study of chimpanzees in the wild.
• 1965 – The Mariner 4 flyby of Mars takes the first close-up photos of another planet.
• 1969 – Football War: after Honduras loses a soccer match against El Salvador, riots break out in Honduras against Salvadoran migrant workers.
• 1969 – The United States $500, $1,000, $5,000 and $10,000 bills are officially withdrawn from circulation.
• 1976 – Capital punishment is abolished in Canada.
• 1987 – Montreal, Canada, is hit by a series of thunderstorms causing the Montreal Flood of 1987.
• 1992 – 386BSD is released by Lynne Jolitz and William Jolitz beginning the Open Source Operating System Revolution. Linus Torvalds releases his Linux soon afterwards.
• 2000 – A powerful solar flare, later named the Bastille Day event, causes a geomagnetic storm on Earth.
• 2002 – French President Jacques Chirac escapes an assassination attempt unscathed during Bastille Day celebrations.
• 2003 – In an effort to discredit U.S. Ambassador Joseph C. Wilson, who had written an article critical of the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Washington Post columnist Robert Novak reveals that Wilson's wife Valerie Plame is a CIA "operative".

Births [edit]

• 1454 – Poliziano, Italian scholar and poet (d. 1494)
• 1602 – Cardinal Mazarin, French-Italian politician and diplomat (d. 1661)
• 1608 – George Goring, Lord Goring, English soldier (d. 1657)
• 1610 – Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1670)
• 1634 – Pasquier Quesnel, French theologian (d. 1719)
• 1671 – Jacques D'Allonville, French astronomer and mathematician (d. 1732)
• 1675 – Claude Alexandre de Bonneval, French soldier (d. 1747)
• 1676 – Caspar Abel, German theologian, historian, and poet (d. 1763)
• 1696 – William Oldys, English antiquarian and bibliographer (d. 1761)
• 1721 – John Douglas, Scottish bishop (d. 1807)
• 1743 – Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin, Russian poet (d. 1816)
• 1755 – Michel de Beaupuy, French general (d. 1796)
• 1785 – Mordecai Manuel Noah, American writer and journalist (d. 1851)
• 1801 – Johannes Peter Müller, German physiologist (d. 1858)
• 1816 – Arthur de Gobineau, French philosopher (d. 1882)
• 1829 – Edward Benson, English Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1896)
• 1859 – Willy Hess, German violinist (d. 1928)
• 1860 – Owen Wister, American novelist (d. 1938)
• 1862 – Gustav Klimt, Austrian painter and graphic artist (d. 1918)
• 1865 – Arthur Capper, American publisher and politician (d. 1951)
• 1868 – Gertrude Bell, English archaeologist, writer, spy, and administrator (d. 1926)
• 1872 – Albert Marque, French sculptor and doll maker (d. 1939)
• 1874 – Abbas II of Egypt (d. 1944)
• 1882 – Teddy Billington, American racing cyclist (d. 1966)
• 1885 – Sisavang Vong, Laos king (d. 1959)
• 1888 – Scipio Slataper, Italian writer (d. 1915)
• 1889 – Ante Pavelić, Croatian politician (d. 1959)
• 1891 – Alexander M. Volkov, Russian novelist and mathematician (d. 1977)
• 1893 – Clarence J. Brown, American publisher and politician (d. 1965)
• 1893 – Garimella Satyanarayana, Indian poet and freedom fighter (d.1952)
• 1894 – Dave Fleischer, American animator, director, and producer (d. 1979)
• 1896 – Buenaventura Durruti, Spanish soldier and anarchist (d. 1936)
• 1898 – Happy Chandler, American politician, 49th Governor of Kentucky (d. 1991)
• 1901 – Gerald Finzi, English composer (d. 1956)
• 1903 – Irving Stone, American writer (d. 1989)
• 1906 – Tom Carvel, Greek-American businessman, founded Carvel (d. 1990)
• 1906 – William H. Tunner, American general (d. 1983)
• 1910 – William Hanna, American animator, director, producer, and actor, co-founded Hanna-Barbera (d. 2001)
• 1911 – Pavel Prudnikau, Belarusian poet and writer (d. 2000)
• 1911 – Terry-Thomas, English actor (d. 1990)
• 1912 – Northrop Frye, Canadian critic (d. 1991)
• 1912 – Woody Guthrie, American singer-songwriter and musician (Almanac Singers) (d. 1967)
• 1913 – Gerald Ford, American politician, 38th President of the United States (d. 2006)
• 1918 – Ingmar Bergman, Swedish director (d. 2007)
• 1918 – Arthur Laurents, American playwright, novelist, and director (d. 2011)
• 1919 – Lino Ventura, Italian-French actor (d. 1987)
• 1920 – Shankarrao Chavan, Indian politician (d. 2004)
• 1921 – Leon Garfield, English author (d. 1996)
• 1921 – Geoffrey Wilkinson, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1996)
• 1922 – Robert Creamer, American writer and editor (d. 2012)
• 1922 – Robin Olds, American pilot (d. 2007)
• 1922 – Elfriede Rinkel, German SS officer
• 1923 – Dale Robertson, American actor (d. 2013)
• 1923 – Willie Steele, American long jumper (d. 1989)
• 1923 – Robert Zildjian, American businessman, founded Sabian (d. 2013)
• 1926 – Harry Dean Stanton, American actor and singer
• 1927 – John Chancellor, American journalist (d. 1996)
• 1927 – Mike Esposito, American illustrator (d. 2010)
• 1927 – Peggy Parish, American author (d. 1988)
• 1928 – Nancy Olson, American actress
• 1930 – Polly Bergen, American actress
• 1931 – Jacqueline de Ribes, French fashion designer
• 1931 – E. V. Thompson, English author (d. 2012)
• 1932 – Roosevelt Grier, American football player and actor
• 1932 – Princess Margarita of Baden (d. 2013)
• 1933 – Robert Bourassa, Canadian politician (d. 1996)
• 1933 – Franz, Duke of Bavaria
• 1936 – Pema Chödrön, American nun and author
• 1936 – Robert F. Overmyer, American pilot and astronaut (d. 1996)
• 1937 – Yoshiro Mori, Japanese politician
• 1938 – Jerry Rubin, American activist, author, and businessman (d. 1994)
• 1938 – Richard Rust, American actor (d. 1994)
• 1938 – Tommy Vig, Hungarian composer, bandleader, and musician
• 1939 – Karel Gott, Czech singer
• 1939 – Sid Haig, American actor
• 1939 – George E. Slusser, American scholar and writer
• 1940 – Susan Howatch, English novelist
• 1941 – Maulana Karenga, American writer and activist, creator of Kwanzaa
• 1941 – Andreas Khol, Austrian politician
• 1942 – Javier Solana, Spanish politician
• 1943 – Christopher Priest, English novelist
• 1944 – Billy McCool, American baseball player
• 1945 – Jim Gordon, American musician
• 1946 – Vincent Pastore, American actor
• 1946 – John Wood, Australian actor
• 1947 – Claudia Kennedy, American army officer
• 1947 – Navin Ramgoolam, Mauritius politician, 3rd and 6th Prime Minister of Mauritius
• 1948 – Goodwill Zwelithini kaBhekuzulu, Zulu king
• 1948 – Earl Williams, American baseball player (d. 2013)
• 1949 – Tommy Mottola, American music executive
• 1951 – Erich Hallhuber, German actor (d. 2003)
• 1952 – Bob Casale, American guitarist (Devo)
• 1952 – Franklin Graham, American evangelist and missionary
• 1952 – Eric Laneuville, American director, actor, and producer
• 1952 – Joel Silver, American film producer, co-founder of Dark Castle Entertainment
• 1953 – Martha Coakley, American politician
• 1953 – Bebe Buell, American model and singer
• 1955 – L. Brent Bozell III, American writer and activist, founded the Media Research Center
• 1956 – Julio Chavez, Argentinian actor
• 1956 – Vladimir Kulich, Czech actor
• 1958 – Robert Jensen, American journalist and activist
• 1958 – Joe Keenan, American screenwriter, producer and author
• 1960 – Anna Bligh, Australian politician
• 1960 – Kyle Gass, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor (Tenacious D and Trainwreck)
• 1960 – Angélique Kidjo, Beninese singer-songwriter and activist
• 1960 – Jane Lynch, American actress, comedian, and singer
• 1961 – Jackie Earle Haley, American actor
• 1962 – Jeff Olson, American musician, composer, and radio host Trouble, Retro Grave, and The Skull)
• 1962 – Antonio Díaz Sánchez, Cuban activist
• 1963 – Phil Rosenthal, American columnist
• 1966 – Juliet Cesario, American actress
• 1966 – Owen Coyle, Scottish-Irish footballer and manager
• 1966 – Tanya Donelly, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Throwing Muses, Belly, and The Breeders)
• 1966 – Matthew Fox, American actor
• 1966 – Ellen Reid, Canadian singer and pianist (Crash Test Dummies)
• 1966 – Brian Selznick, American author and illustrator
• 1967 – Marios Constantinou, Greek-Cypriot footballer
• 1967 – Jeff Jarrett, American wrestler and promoter, co-founded Total Nonstop Action Wrestling
• 1967 – Patrick J. Kennedy, American politician
• 1967 – Robin Ventura, American baseball player and manager
• 1978 – Michael Palmer, Singaporean lawyer and politician
• 1969 – José Hernández, Puerto Rican baseball player
• 1969 – Kazushi Sakuraba, Japanese mixed martial artist and wrestler
• 1970 – Nina Siemaszko, American actress
• 1971 – Mark LoMonaco, American wrestler
• 1971 – Nick McCabe, English guitarist (The Verve and The Black Ships)
• 1971 – Madhu Sapre, Indian model, Miss India 1992
• 1971 – Joey Styles, American wrestling commentator
• 1971 – Marie-Chantal Toupin, Canadian singer
• 1971 – Howard Webb, English football referee
• 1972 – Deborah Mailman, Australian actress
• 1973 – Tani Fuga, Samoan rugby player
• 1973 – Paul Methric, American rapper and producer (Twiztid, Dark Lotus, and Psychopathic Rydas)
• 1973 – Halil Mutlu, Turkish weightlifter
• 1973 – Candela Peña, Spanish actress
• 1973 – Adam Quinn, American bagpipes player and composer (Lucid Druid)
• 1974 – Erick Dampier, American basketball player
• 1974 – David Mitchell, English comedian and actor
• 1975 – Taboo, American rapper and actor (The Black Eyed Peas)
• 1975 – Tim Hudson, American baseball player
• 1975 – Jamey Johnson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1976 – Ranj Dhaliwal, Canadian novelist
• 1976 – Geraint Jones, England cricketer
• 1976 – Kirsten Sheridan, Irish director and screenwriter
• 1977 – Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden
• 1978 – Mattias Ekström, Swedish race car driver
• 1978 – Caroline Lesley, Canadian voice actress
• 1978 – Kristy Wright, Australian actress
• 1979 – Bernie Castro, Dominican baseball player
• 1979 – Scott Porter, American actor and singer
• 1979 – Axel Teichmann, German skier
• 1980 – Chad Faust, Canadian actor, singer, director, and producer
• 1980 – Jed Madela, Filipino singer-songwriter
• 1980 – George Smith, Australian rugby player
• 1981 – Trevor Fehrman, American actor
• 1981 – Robbie Maddison, Australian motorcycle rider
• 1981 – Lee Mead, English actor
• 1982 – Dmitry Chaplin, Russian-American dancer
• 1982 – Achille Coser, Italian footballer
• 1983 – Igor Andreev, Russian tennis player
• 1983 – Drew Cheetwood, American actor
• 1983 – Wesley Dening, Australian television host, comedian, and producer
• 1983 – Tito Muñoz, American conductor
• 1984 – Nilmar, Brazilian footballer
• 1984 – Renaldo Balkman, American basketball player
• 1984 – Erica Blasberg, American golfer (d. 2010)
• 1984 – Lenka Dlhopolcová, Slovak tennis player
• 1984 – Mounir El Hamdaoui, Moroccan footballer
• 1984 – Samir Handanović, Slovenian footballer
• 1984 – Fleur Saville, New Zealand actress
• 1985 – Billy Celeski, Australian footballer
• 1985 – Darrelle Revis, American football player
• 1986 – Alexander Gerndt, Swedish footballer
• 1987 – Aqeel Ahmed, English director, screenwriter, and producer
• 1987 – Sara Canning, Canadian actress
• 1987 – Adam Johnson, English footballer
• 1987 – Sean Smith, American football player
• 1988 – James Vaughan, English footballer
• 1989 – Sean Flynn, American actor and singer
• 1989 – Kayden Kessler, American actor
• 1991 – Lewis McGibbon, English actor
• 1993 – Dovilė Dzindzaletaitė, Lithuanian jumper
• 1999 – Camryn, American singer
• 1999 – Dawson Dunbar, Canadian actor

Deaths [edit]

• 664 – Deusdedit of Canterbury, English Archbishop of Canterbury
• 937 – Arnulf, Duke of Bavaria
• 1223 – Philip II of France (b. 1165)
• 1575 – Richard Taverner, English translator of the Bible (b. 1505)
• 1614 – Camillus de Lellis, Italian priest and saint (b. 1550)
• 1671 – Méric Casaubon, English scholar (b. 1599)
• 1704 – Sophia Alekseyevna of Russia (b. 1657)
• 1723 – Claude Fleury, French historian (b. 1640)
• 1742 – Richard Bentley, English classical scholar (b. 1662)
• 1766 – František Maxmilián Kaňka, Czech architect (b. 1674)
• 1774 – James O'Hara, 2nd Baron Tyrawley, English field marshal (b. 1682)
• 1780 – Charles Batteux, French philosopher (b. 1713)
• 1789 – Jacques de Flesselles, French public servant (b. 1721)
• 1789 – Bernard-René de Launay, French Governor of the Bastille (b. 1740)
• 1790 – Ernst Gideon Freiherr von Laudon, Austrian field marshal (b. 1717)
• 1809 – Nicodemus the Hagiorite, Greek saint (b. 1749)
• 1816 – Francisco de Miranda, Venezuelan general (b. 1750)
• 1817 – Germaine de Staël, Swiss writer (b. 1766)
• 1827 – Augustin-Jean Fresnel, French physicist (b. 1788)
• 1834 – Edmond-Charles Genêt, French ambassador (b. 1763)
• 1850 – August Neander, German theologian (b. 1789)
• 1856 – Edward Vernon Utterson, English lawyer, literary antiquary, collector and editor (b. 1775/1776)
• 1876 – Thomas Hazlehurst, English chapel builder (b. 1816)
• 1881 – Billy the Kid, American outlaw (b. 1859)
• 1904 – Paul Kruger, South African Boer resistance leader, 5th President of the South African Republic (b. 1824)
• 1907 – William Henry Perkin, English chemist (b. 1838)
• 1910 – Marius Petipa, French dancer and choreographer (b. 1818)
• 1917 – Octave Lapize, French cyclist (b. 1887)
• 1918 – Quentin Roosevelt, American aviator (b. 1897)
• 1924 – Isabella Ford, English activist and writer (b. 1855)
• 1925 – Francisco Guilledo, Filipino boxer (b. 1901)
• 1939 – Alphonse Mucha, Czech painter (b. 1860)
• 1954 – Jacinto Benavente, Spanish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1866)
• 1954 – Jackie Saunders, American actress (b. 1892)
• 1965 – Adlai Stevenson II, American politician, 5th United States Ambassador to the United Nations (b. 1900)
• 1966 – Julie Manet, French painter (b. 1878)
• 1967 – Tudor Arghezi, Romanian writer (b. 1880)
• 1968 – Konstantin Georgiyevich Paustovsky, Russian writer (b. 1892)
• 1968 – Ilias Tsirimokos, Greek politician, 164th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1907)
• 1970 – Preston Foster, American actor (b. 1900)
• 1974 – Carl Spaatz, American air force general (b. 1891)
• 1975 – Madan Mohan, Indian director (b. 1924)
• 1984 – Ernest Tidyman, American writer (b. 1928)
• 1989 – Frank Bell, English educator (b. 1916)
• 1990 – Walter Sedlmayr, German actor (b. 1926)
• 1993 – Léo Ferré, French singer-songwriter, pianist, and poet (b. 1916)
• 1994 – César Tovar, Venezuelan baseball player (b. 1940)
• 1996 – Jeff Krosnoff, American race csr driver (b. 1964)
• 1998 – Richard McDonald, American businessman, co-founded McDonald's (b. 1909)
• 2000 – René Ríos Boettiger, Chilean cartoonist (b. 1911)
• 2000 – William Roscoe Estep, American historian (b. 1920)
• 2000 – Meredith MacRae, American actress (b. 1944)
• 2001 – Guy de Lussigny, French painter (b. 1929)
• 2002 – Joaquín Balaguer, Dominican politician, President of the Dominican Republic (b. 1906)
• 2003 – François-Albert Angers, Canadian economist (b. 1909)
• 2003 – Éva Janikovszky, Hungarian novelist (b. 1926)
• 2005 – Joe Harnell, American pianist and composer (b. 1924)
• 2005 – Jacques Roche, Haitian journalist
• 2005 – Cicely Saunders, English nurse, physician, and writer (b. 1918)
• 2007 – John Ferguson, Sr., Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1938)
• 2008 – Henki Kolstad, Norwegian actor (b. 1915)
• 2009 – Zbigniew Zapasiewicz, Polish actor (b. 1934)
• 2010 – Gene Ludwig, American pianist (b. 1937)
• 2010 – Charles Mackerras, Australian conductor (b. 1925)
• 2010 – Mădălina Manole, Romanian singer and actress (b. 1967)
• 2012 – John Arbuthnott, 16th Viscount of Arbuthnott (b. 1924)
• 2012 – Barton Biggs, American investor and businessman (b. 1932)
• 2012 – Don Brinkley, American screenwriter, director, and producer (b. 1921)
• 2012 – Frank R. Burns, American football player and coach (b. 1928)
• 2012 – Ennio Cardoni, Italian footballer (b. 1929)
• 2012 – Bohuslav Ceplecha, Czech race car driver (b. 1977)
• 2012 – Marcel Curuchet, Uruguayan keyboard player (No Te Va Gustar) (b. 1972)
• 2012 – King Hill, American football player (b. 1936)
• 2012 – Sixten Jernberg, Swedish skier (b. 1929)
• 2012 – Roy Shaw, English businessman and boxer (b. 1936)
• 2012 – Enrique Silva Cimma, Chilean politician, academic, and lawyer (b. 1918)
• 2012 – Sidney Oslin Smith Jr., American judge (b. 1923)

Holidays and observances [edit]

• Bastille Day (France and French dependencies)
• Birthday of Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden, an official flag day. (Sweden)
• Christian Feast Day:
  • Blessed Kateri Tekakwitha (United States)
  • Camillus de Lellis (Roman Catholic Church, except in the United States)
  • Francis Solanus
  • Idus of Leinster
  • Libert of Saint-Trond
  • Ulrich of Zell
  • July 14 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Earliest day on which the first day of Gentse Feesten can fall, while July 20 is the latest; celebrated on Saturday before July 21. (Ghent)
• Republic Day (Iraq)
• National Nude Day (United States)

External links [edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: July 14

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada